Autonomous mobile robotics (AMR)

The designations AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robot) and AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) already indicate the differences:

• AGVs are track-bound and follow predefined paths defined by wires, magnetic stripes or markings on the floor. They recognize obstacles. However, they stop instead of being able to avoid these.

• By contrast, AMRs are more flexible: KUKA autonomous robots navigate using maps created by their software on site in real time or loaded in advance. In combination with 3D cameras and sensors, they detect their surroundings, choose the most efficient route to the destination and can bypass obstacles. KUKA AMRs operate completely autonomously.

Autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are used in a variety of industries and environments because they can work flexibly and efficiently. Here are some of the most common applications:

• Logistics centers: AMRs are frequently used in logistics centers to optimize material flow. They transport goods within the warehouse, from delivery to dispatch, autonomously navigating obstacles.
• Production lines: In production environments, AMR robots transport materials and components between different production stations. This increases efficiency and reduces the need for manual intervention.
• Hospitals: In hospitals, AMR robots are used to distribute medicines, laboratory samples and other medical materials. They can navigate autonomously through the corridors and ensure that important deliveries arrive on time.
• Variable manufacturing environments: AMR robots provide a flexible solution for manufacturing environments where production conditions change frequently. They can dynamically adjust their routes and adapt to new layouts and requirements.

The use of autonomous mobile robots raises many questions, especially when it comes to fleet sizing. One of the most common is: how many AMRs are actually required? The required number depends on several technical factors, including payload, travel distance, number of 90?degree turns, order volume, and the traffic level within the production or logistics environment.

Use the AMR Calculator to get an initial estimate of which type of AMR is suitable for your application and how many vehicles are needed. The tool helps you realistically assess the requirements for your mobile automation.

• Laser scanners: These sensors use laser beams to accurately measure the distance to objects. They create detailed 2D or 3D maps of the environment, allowing for accurate obstacle detection.
• 3D cameras: Cameras, in particular stereo cameras or depth cameras, enable visual perception of the environment. By processing images, robots can detect obstacles and determine their position relative to them.
• Pressure sensors: These sensors measure the pressure between the robot and the surface on which it is moving. They can be used to detect unexpected obstacles or deviations from the planned route.
  

We use high-quality lithium-ion batteries in our mobile robots. These batteries are characterized by an outstanding service life.

• Lithium batteries can go through thousands of charging cycles before their capacity decreases noticeably.

• Beyond this, we use inductive charging technology, which further increases durability and simultaneously ensures high resistance to water and dust.

• A further advantage of our mobile robots is the exceptionally short charging time of less than 2 hours for an impressive operating time of 8 hours.

There are different navigation technologies. For KUKA AMR, we rely on the SLAM method (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), which is ideally suited for autonomous control. For localization (determination of the robot position and orientation) as well as for map creation, sensor information is recorded exactly and simultaneously and then combined with mathematical algorithms.

If needed, it is also possible to switch to hybrid navigation. Additional QR codes are used on the floor. These are scanned by mobile robot cameras. This method is particularly effective when the ambient conditions change greatly or when fine positioning is required.?

KUKA offers a wide range of training courses in the field of mobile robotics. Here, you can learn more about operating AMR systems, handling navigation software and proper maintenance of the systems. Our training courses are specially tailored to the needs of different user groups:

• Operators and production personnel

• Maintenance personnel and programmers

• Maintenance personnel and service technicians

In addition, training courses are available specifically for system integrators. Beyond product content, these courses cover the planning of an AMR solution – from the creation of the safety concept and fleet calculation to the design of the mechanical, electrical and software interfaces.